Agra

Agra’s history stretches back over a thousand years, but it rose to fame during the Mughal Empire. In 1526, Babur defeated the Delhi Sultanate at the Battle of Panipat and made Agra his capital. This victory marked the beginning of one of India’s most powerful dynasties. Over the next century, emperors like Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan transformed the city into a center of power, art, and architecture.

Akbar, known for his bold reforms and love of learning, built the red sandstone Agra Fort in the 1560s. This massive fortress was more than just a military post. It held palaces, gardens, and courts where Akbar met with rulers and scholars. You can still walk its halls today.

A few miles away lies Fatehpur Sikri, Akbar’s “ghost city.” He built it from scratch, then abandoned it within 15 years due to water shortages. The buildings remain almost untouched, as if frozen in time. It’s a quiet place to imagine royal life, with wide courtyards and peaceful mosques.

Of course, Agra’s most famous site is the Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan built it in the 1600s as a tomb for his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It took 20 years and thousands of workers to finish. Some say he planned a black marble twin across the river for himself, but he was overthrown by his son before that dream could take shape.

Agra also saw battles beyond the Mughal age. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, Indian soldiers rose up against the British near Agra Fort. The city played a part in India’s long path to independence.